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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 65(4): 500-504, July-Aug. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339102

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY The occurrence of fractures in young individuals is frequently overlooked by physicians, especially when associated with exercise or trauma. Nevertheless, multiple fractures should always be investigated since underlying conditions can predispose to such events. We describe here the case of a young, healthy woman who sustained multiple fractures in the lower limbs, which were initially considered to be "stress fractures". Further investigation, including a panel of genes associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, revealed that the patient is a heterozygous carrier of a SERPINF1 variant. According to criteria recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology, this variant is classified as likely benign (PM2, PP3, PP4, BP1, and BP4). The patient's mother and brother were also asymptomatic carriers of the variant and had sustained previous minor fractures. The patient had normal biochemical profile and bone density. This condition has been rarely described and is not associated with low bone mineral density or altered bone turnover markers. This case highlights the importance of investigating multiple fractures in young patients who are otherwise healthy since these may be a warning sign of rare genetic conditions associated with fragility fractures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Osteogenesis Imperfecta/genetics , Fractures, Stress/genetics , Fractures, Stress/diagnostic imaging , Bone Density/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
2.
Medwave ; 20(5): e7936, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116859

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las fracturas por estrés son lesiones producidas por el sobreuso de ciertas extremidades, generando fatigas repetitivas en el hueso con insuficientes periodos de descanso, trastornos hormonales, entre otras. Se produce una elevada actividad osteoclástica y una menor actividad de los osteoblastos a nivel cortical. OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores asociados a fractura por estrés en un centro médico de la Marina de Guerra de Perú. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una investigación de tipo observacional analítica de casos y controles. La variable dependiente fue la fractura por estrés, confirmada por resonancia magnética de los pacientes. Las variables independientes fueron edad, sexo y nivel de calcemia tomadas a partir de la historia clínica; el nivel socioeconómico y tiempo de actividad física diaria fueron datos recogidos mediante encuesta. Se obtuvieron los Odds ratio crudos y ajustados con un intervalo de confianza de 95%. RESULTADOS: Se trabajó con un total de 238 pacientes (119 casos y 119 controles), de los cuales 79,8% fueron varones y 20,2% fueron mujeres; la media de edad fue de 20,25 años. En el análisis bivariado se encontró asociación de fracturas por estrés con el sexo masculino (Odds ratio: 3,00; intervalo de confianza 95%: 1,51 a 5,95), hipocalcemia (Odds ratio: 2,83; intervalo de confianza 95%: 2,32 a 3,44), más de dos horas de actividad física diaria (Odds ratio: 24,74; intervalo de confianza 95%: 12,51 a 48,95) y un nivel socioeconómico C (Odds ratio: 6,66; intervalo de confianza 95%: 2,82 a 15,74). Mantuvieron su asociación en el análisis multivariado el tiempo de actividad física (Odds ratio: 44,46; intervalo de confianza 95%: 17,93 a 110,22) y el nivel socioeconómico C (Odds ratio: 22,57; intervalo de confianza 95%: 7,03 a 72,74). CONCLUSIÓN: Las fracturas por estrés estuvieron asociadas al tiempo de actividad física y a un nivel socioeconómico menor. Son necesarios más estudios para evaluar la relación con otros factores en la población militar de Perú.


INTRODUCTION: Stress fractures are injuries produced by the overuse of certain extremities, generating repetitive fatigue in the bone with insufficient rest periods and hormonal disorders, among others. High osteoclastic activity and lower activity of the osteoblasts at the cortical level occurs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with a stress fracture in a single medical center of the Peruvian navy. METHODS: We conducted an observational, analytical case-control study. The dependent variable was stress fracture confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the patients; the independent variables were age, sex, calcemia, socioeconomic status, and time of daily physical activity. All data were extracted from the medical records. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The sample was comprised of 238 patients (119 cases and 119 controls), of which 79.8% were male, and 20.2% were female; the average age was 20.25. In the bivariate analysis, stress fractures were associated with male sex (odds ratio 3.00; 95% confidence interval 1.51 to 5.95), hypocalcemia (2.83; 2.32 to 3.44), more than two hours of daily physical activity (24.7; 12.51 to 48.95) and socioeconomic level C (6.66; 2.82 to 15.74). Time dedicated to physical activity (adjusted odds ratio 44.46; 95% confidence interval 17.93 to 110.22) and socioeconomic level C (adjusted odds ratio 22.57; 95% confidence interval 7.03 to 72.74) were associated in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: We found that stress fractures were associated with physical activity time and a lower socioeconomic level. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship with other factors in the military population of Peru.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Exercise , Fractures, Stress/epidemiology , Military Personnel , Peru , Socioeconomic Factors , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Case-Control Studies , Fractures, Stress/diagnostic imaging , Risk Factors , Hospitals, Military
3.
Actual. osteol ; 13(2): 96-103, Mayo - Ago. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1117890

ABSTRACT

El score de hueso trabecular (TBS, Trabecular Bone Score) es una medición de la textura de los grises derivada de la evaluación del raquis por DXA y proporciona un índice de la microarquitectura ósea. Se ha demostrado que los valores bajos presentan capacidad para predecir fracturas. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si existían diferencias entre los valores de TBS de pacientes con fracturas frente a no fracturadas. Materiales y métodos: se revisaron 159 historias clínicas de mujeres menopáusicas que consultaron para evaluación de su salud ósea. Se consideraron los antecedentes autorreferidos de fracturas (Fx), la DMO de raquis, cuello femoral y fémur total y TBS. Resultados: treinta pacientes (18,9%) presentaron fracturas y en ellas se observó menor TBS (con Fx: 1,295±83 vs. sin Fx: 1,366±84, p<0,0001), menor índice de masa corporal (IMC) (con Fx: 23,7±1,9 vs. sin Fx: 25,7±4,2, p=0,02), sin diferencias en la edad (p=0,39), ni en valores de DMO (L1-L4 p=0,11, cuello femoral p=0,20 y fémur total p= 0,12). Muchas de las fracturas ocurrieron en pacientes sin osteoporosis por DXA. Conclusiones: el TBS aumentaría la capacidad de DXA para identificar a mujeres argentinas en riesgo de padecer fracturas sin tener osteoporosis densitométrica. Este es el primer trabajo realizado en la Argentina con medición de TBS. (AU)


Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) is a measure of the grey scale derived from DXA lumbar image and provides information about microarchitecture. It has been shown that low TBS values can predict fractures. Our objective was to evaluate if there are any differences between the TBS values in patients with fractures vs. non-fractures. Materials and methods: We reviewed 159 medical records of menopausal women who consulted for evaluation of their bone health. Self-reported fractures (Fx), spine BMD, femoral neck and total femur and TBS were evaluated. Results: thirty patients (18.9%) presented fractures and they showed lower TBS (with Fx: 1,295±0,083 vs. without Fx: 1,366±0,084, p<0.0001), lower body mass index (BMI) (with Fx: 23.7±1.9 vs. without Fx 25.7±4.2, p=0.02), without differences in ages (p=0.39) or in BMD values (L1-L4 p=0.11, femoral neck p=0.20 and total femur p=0.12). Some fractures occurred in patients without osteoporosis, as determined by DXA. Conclusions: TBS would increase the ability of DXA to identify Argentine women at risk for fractures without densitometric osteoporosis. This is the first work done in Argentina with TBS measurement. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Fractures, Stress/prevention & control , Densitometry/methods , Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control , Osteoporosis/physiopathology , Argentina , Bone and Bones/physiopathology , Menopause , Body Mass Index , Bone Density , Fractures, Stress/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Femur/physiopathology , Femur/diagnostic imaging , Osteoporotic Fractures/diagnostic imaging
4.
Actual. osteol ; 12(1): 47-56, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1380022

ABSTRACT

Las fracturas de stress son el resultado de la reiteración de cargas mecánicas en ciclos de intensidad, duración y frecuencia variables que, aplicadas como estímulos únicos, no serían suficientes para provocarlas. En líneas generales, el mecanismo propuesto para la generación de las fracturas de stress por fatiga es un desborde de la capacidad reparatoria de las microfracturas provocadas por las cargas de un exigente entorno mecánico, que corre a cargo de la remodelación ósea. Inicialmente fueron reportadas en el personal militar (en especial reclutas durante el período de instrucción) y luego en deportistas de diversas disciplinas que implican correr y/o saltar. Siendo esta la población primariamente en riesgo, se identificaron numerosos factores adicionales. En esta revisión se expondrán solamente aquellos de naturaleza endocrinometabólica y biomecánica. El síntoma inicial más frecuente de las fracturas por fatiga es el dolor focal, y su frecuencia es alta en los miembros inferiores. Se presenta al final de la actividad física, para luego extenderse a todo su curso y, finalmente, afectar también la deambulación diaria. El examen físico típicamente denota hipersensibilidad o dolor localizado sobre el área del hueso afectado, que a veces puede estar tumefacta. El diagnóstico se basa en las imágenes; la resonancia magnética nuclear es a de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad y la que permite un diagnóstico temprano, lo que es importante para prevenir un potencial progreso de la lesión a una fractura completa, osteosíntesis retardada o no unión, y necrosis ósea. (AU)


Stress fractures are the result of repeated cyclical loading whose intensity, duration and frequency are variable. These loads, applied as single stimuli, would not be enough to produce them. Overall, the proposed mechanism that generates fatigue fractures is an overflow in repair capacity, which is normally run by bone remodeling. They were first reported in military population (especially recruits during the training period) and later in athletes of various disciplines that involve running and / or jumping. This is primarily the population at risk. Other factors have been identified, only endocrine, metabolic and biomechanical will be discussed. The most common initial symptom of fatigue fractures is focal pain and frequency is high in the lower limbs. They appear at the end of physical activity, then spread throughou their course, and ultimately affect the daily ambulation. Physical examination typically shows hypersensitivity or localized pain on the area of the affected bone, which can sometimes be swollen. Diagnosis is based on images. Nuclear magnetic resonance has the highest sensitivity and specificity and allows early diagnosis, what is essential to prevent a potential progression of injury to a complete fracture, delayed healing or nonunion and bone necrosis. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology , Fractures, Stress/diagnostic imaging , Osteonecrosis/prevention & control , Bone and Bones/physiology , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Fractures, Stress/physiopathology , Fractures, Stress/metabolism , Fractures, Stress/prevention & control , Fractures, Stress/therapy , Risk Factors , Bone Remodeling/physiology , Athletes
6.
J Postgrad Med ; 1997 Jul-Sep; 43(3): 71-2
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-116099

ABSTRACT

Increased participation in sports by the general public leads to increase in sports induced injuries including stress fractures, shin splints, arthritis and host of musculotendenous maladies. We have studied twenty patients referred from sports clinic for bone scanning to evaluate clinically difficult problems. It showed stress fracture in twelve patients, bilateral shin splint in five patients and normal bone scan in three patients. Present study highlights the utility of bone imaging for the diagnosis of various sports injuries in sports medicine.


Subject(s)
Adult , Athletic Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Fractures, Stress/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Tibia
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